Religions of the world

Religion

Islam

Islam teaches submission to one God (Allah). Muslims regard the Prophet Muhammad as the final messenger of God.

Origin7th century CE, Arabia (Mecca and Medina), through the teaching of the Prophet Muhammad
FollowersAbout 1.8 billion (Pew Research Center, 2015)
ScriptureQur’an, with the Hadith and Sunnah

At a glance

1Shahadadeclaration of faith2Salahprayer five times daily3Zakatgiving to those in need4Sawmfasting in Ramadan5Hajjpilgrimage to Mecca

Core beliefs

One GodTawhid: there is only one God, Allah.
Prophets and revelationMuhammad is the last prophet; the Qur’an is God’s revealed word.
AccountabilityBelief in angels, the Day of Judgment, and life after death.
Five PillarsThe core practices that shape daily and yearly life.

Key terms

SalahRitual prayer, performed five times a day.
ZakatObligatory charity, a share of wealth given to those in need.
RamadanThe month of daytime fasting.
UmmaThe worldwide Muslim community.

Sunni and Shia are the two largest branches. This is a short overview. Each tradition has many branches and practices; for depth, read its primary texts and speak with practitioners.

Follower estimates: Pew Research Center, The Future of World Religions (2015). Figures change over time.