Religions of the world

Religion

Hinduism

Hinduism is a family of traditions rather than a single creed. Many forms of worship exist, and central ideas include dharma, karma and moksha.

OriginRoots in the Indian subcontinent, developing over several thousand years, with no single founder
FollowersAbout 1.1 billion (Pew Research Center, 2015)
ScriptureVedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana and Mahabharata

At a glance

DharmaRight conductArthaMaterial well-beingKamaPleasure and loveMokshaLiberation

Core beliefs

BrahmanThe ultimate reality, expressed through many deities and forms.
DharmaRight conduct suited to one’s role in life.
Karma and rebirthActions shape future lives (samsara).
MokshaLiberation from the cycle of rebirth.

Key terms

DharmaDuty, order and right way of living.
KarmaThe effect of actions on future circumstances.
PujaWorship through offerings and prayer.
MokshaLiberation from rebirth.

Traditions include Vaishnavism, Shaivism and Shaktism, among others. This is a short overview. Each tradition has many branches and practices; for depth, read its primary texts and speak with practitioners.

Follower estimates: Pew Research Center, The Future of World Religions (2015). Figures change over time.